![]() ![]() Regarding industrial clusters, Porter (1998, 2003) played an important role in the popularization of the term. Over the years, the terms industrial clusters and industrial districts have been treated interchangeably by some authors, like Molina Morales, Martínez Fernández, and Coll Serrano (2012). ![]() The pioneering studies on agglomerations date back to the late 19th and early 20th centuries with Marshall (1920), who was responsible for introducing the concept of industrial districts. In essence, industrial clusters can be considered an alternative interorganizational network as they are environments driven by competition and cooperation ( Strand, Wiig, Torheim, Solli-Sæther, & Nesset, 2017). On the other hand, organizational competitiveness is based on the development of commercial networks ( Pechlaner & Bachinger, 2010), especially in the context of clusters where the proximity between small and medium-sized companies facilitates the flow of resources, information and knowledge sharing ( Ucler, 2017). On the one hand, literature points out that organizations tend to have better performance and opportunities when they are embedded in collaboration ( Moreno & Miguelez, 2012 Whittington, Owen-Smith, & Powell, 2009). Ter Wal and Boschma (2011) argue that, to be innovative, location matters. The full terms of this licence may be seen at Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) licence. Published in Innovation and Management Review. Copyright © 2020, Maryana Scoralick De Almeida Tavares, Cláudia Fabiana Gohr, Sandra Morioka and Thereza Rakel da Cunha. ![]()
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